茶树中咖啡碱抑茵抗虫作用的研究

咖啡碱是茶树的主要生物碱和特征性物质之一,通过滤纸片法、生长速率法、饲喂称重法对咖啡碱抑菌、抗虫作用的研究,发现咖啡碱对供试细菌和真菌有一定的抑菌能力,对棉铃虫和菜粉蝶、家蚕幼虫具有毒害和抑制生长的影响。咖啡碱作为茶树的次生代谢产物具有抗病抗虫的的生物学功能。     

Insecticidal activities of Ginkgo biloba seed coat extracts against Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The present study relates to a methanol extract of the seed coat of Ginkgo biloba, and tested particularly on the third instar larvae of Spodoptera exigua. The extract was found to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of the larvae besides bringing a change in the nutrient reserves in the body of the insect. Topical application of five different doses of the methanol extract resulted in a mortal effect to third instar larvae of S. exigua that is very much dependent on the dose as well as duration of exposure. Lower doses revealed lower mortality after 24 h of application. At doses of 1.00, 2.00, 4.00, 8.00 and 16.00 ng/larva, mortalities were 9.25, 26.07, 50.32, 56.28 and 92.44%, respectively. The dose for 50% mortality (LD₅₀) of methanol extracts by applied by a topical method with 1 µL of acetone solution was 1.92 ng/larva. Nutrient reserves like protein, glycogen and lipid are known to regulate pupation and adult emergence. These reserves have been found to be lower in treated larvae, indicating the insecticidal role of methanol extracts from G. biloba against third instar larvae of S. exigua.     

肾叶天胡荽精油的超临界CO2萃取、成分分析及杀虫活性初探

采用正交实验设计,对肾叶天胡荽（Hydrocotyle wigordi Maxim．）精油超临界CO2萃取条件进行了优化,并用GC—MS分析技术对精油的化学成分进行了鉴定,初步探讨了肾叶天胡荽精油对小菜蛾2龄幼虫的触杀活性。结果表明,肾叶天胡荽精油超临界CO2萃取的最佳条件为萃取压力35MPa、萃取温度50℃、解析压力5MPa、解析温度40℃、萃取时间75min、CO2流量34—36L·h^-1,精油得率最高可达5．32％。从精油中共鉴定出19种成分,总相对含量达到89．266％,主要成分为邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（64．302％）。用超临界CO2萃取技术提取的肾叶天胡荽精油对小菜蛾2龄幼虫有一定的触杀作用,20g·L^-1精油对小菜蛾2龄幼虫的24h校正死亡率高达90．00％。     

Bt杀虫基因在桑粒肩天牛幼虫肠道内生优势菌中的转化研究

桑粒肩天牛(Apriona germariHope,Ag)幼虫是一种营钻蛀性生活的重要林业害虫,通过传统纯培养、生理生化鉴定和16SrDNA分子生物学分析等方法分离、鉴定出其肠道优势内生菌溶血葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus haem olyticus,S.haem olytic-us)Ag06菌株和人葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus hom is)Ag08菌株。从中筛选菌株S.haem olyticusAg06进行质粒消除后作为出发菌株,利用电转化技术将含有对鞘翅目昆虫具专一性毒力B t杀虫基因cry3A的Escherichia coli-Bacillus thuringiensis穿梭表达质粒pHT305 a和pHT7911分别转入其中。经质粒稳定性试验、转化子生长特性测试等分析,结果显示cry3A基因已经成功转入Ag幼虫的优势内生菌溶血葡萄球菌中。     

Transmission Efficiency of Two Flea Species (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oropsylla tuberculata cynomuris</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oropsylla hirsuta</Emphasis>) Involved in Plague Epizootics among Prairie Dogs

Plague, caused by Yersinia pestis, is an exotic disease in North America circulating predominantly in wild populations of rodents and their fleas. Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) are highly susceptible to infection, often experiencing mortality of nearly all individuals in a town as a result of plague. The fleas of black-tailed prairie dogs are Oropsylla tuberculata cynomuris and Oropsylla hirsuta. We tested the efficiency of O. tuberculata cynomuris to transmit Y. pestis daily from 24 to 96 h postinfection and compared it to previously collected data for O. hirsuta. We found that O. tuberculata cynomuris has over threefold greater transmission efficiency (0.18 infected fleas transmit Y. pestis at 24 h postinfection) than O. hirsuta (0.05 fleas transmit). Using a simple model of flea-borne transmission, we combine these laboratory measurements with field data on monthly flea loads to compare the seasonal vectorial capacity of these two flea species. Coinciding with seasonal patterns of flea abundance, we find a peak in potential for flea-borne transmission in March, during high O. tuberculata cynomuris abundance, and in September–October when O. hirsuta is common. Our findings may be useful in determining the timing of insecticidal dusting to slow plague transmission in black-tailed prairie dogs.     

孜然化学成分及其生物活性研究进展

本文综述了孜然在化学成分、医疗、食品、农业等方面的研究进展,着重阐述了其在杀虫、抑菌方面的研究概况,以期为孜然在植物源农药方面的研究和综合开发应用提供依据。     

广西野生楝科植物提取物对萝卜蚜的杀虫作用初步研究

针对广西12种野生楝科植物提取物进行了对萝卜蚜的触杀活性筛选。结果显示:红楝子(树皮)、香椿(树皮)、地黄连(全株)和老虎楝(枝叶)的提取物在10mg/mL的浓度下有较高的杀虫活性,24h校正死亡率分别达到73.89%、79.47%、74.55%和72.19%,与其它的相比差异性显著。     

转Bt基因植物中外源基因时空动态表达的研究现状

在转Bt基因植株中 ,外源基因的时空动态表达对于害虫的防治和转基因安全评价管理具有重要意义。利用生物测定法和酶联免疫吸附测定法 (ELISA) ,对植物不同组织在同一发育阶段、同一组织在不同的发育阶段以及不同转基因植株的外源基因的时空动态表达进行研究。本文综述了转基因植物中外源基因时空动态表达的研究进展和现状。     

对甜菜夜蛾高毒苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株的选育*

采用物理诱变——虫体传代模式,选育获得一株对甜菜夜蛾高毒菌株BtCZE 99985。通过摇瓶和40t发酵罐3年10批发酵试验,表明该菌株具有良好的发酵性能。摇瓶试验表明,与出发菌株93005、对照菌株HD-1-580、GC-91相比较,该菌株对甜菜夜蛾的毒效分别提高429％、655％、114％。40t发酵罐发酵试验表明,该菌株对甜菜夜蛾测定的LC50平均值为0．076μL/mL,比GC-91菌株(平均0．213μL/mL)的毒效提高180％。